Wilczyńska Małgorzata
PhD, Instytut Ekonomii i Zarządzania,
Zakład Finansów i Rachunkowości,
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Techniczno-Ekonomiczna
16 Czarnieckiego Str., Jarosław, 37-500, Polska
Sowa Bożena
PhD, Wydział Ekonomii, Katedra Finansów,
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
2 Ćwiklińskiej Str., Rzeszów, 35-601, Polska
COSTS OF CAPITAL AND OPERATING LEASES
Abstract: Capital and operating leases are the most important types of leases. Both of them result from legal and tax aspects. The most important legal regulations concerning lease agreements can be found in the Civil Code, Income Tax Act, Goods and Services Tax Act, Accounting Act and International Accounting Standard 17 Leases („IAS 17 Leases“). Regulations concerning lease agreements require the appropriate classification. This classification ought to contain closure effects of an agreement recorded in account books, which must arise from legal provisions. Lease asset is treated by these regulations in various ways, what results in differences in account books as well as different distribution of lease costs and ownership of the asset after termination of the agreement. The aim of this article is to present costs of capital and operating leases in the context of their recognition in the accounting system, in particular in accounting records of an entity. The article uses the method of literature studies (national literature, including scientific articles and legal acts). Moreover, an analysis method has been used. This article is an attempt to answer the question of how to present capital and operating leases in account books of both the lessee and the lessor, in context of guidance deriving from the Accounting Act.
Keywords: lease, the Accounting Act, international accounting standards, accounting records of operating lease, accounting records of capital lease.
JEL Classification: M41
Bibliography
CENABIZNESU.PL, 2015. http://cenabiznesu.pl/-leasing-operacyjny-a-leasing-finansowy-podstawowe-roznice [as of 21th October 2015].
CENABIZNESU.PL, 2014. http://cenabiznesu.pl/-leasing-podstawowe-zasady [as of 05th June 2014].
Conteptual Framework, Chapter 4 & 4.33, International Financial Reporting Standards 2011, p. 50.
CZUBAKOWSKA, K., 2015. „ Rachunek kosztów i wyników”, PWE Warszawa 2015, p. 49, ISBN, 978-83-208-2186-4.
KIZIUKIEWICZ, T., 2012. „Mierniki oceny działalności jednostki gospodarczej” [in:] Rachunkowość zarządcza, red. T. Kiziukiewicz, Ekspert, Wrocław, pp. 56-61 ISBN 978-83-89179-68-5.
KRUCZULAK, K., 1993. „Leasing i jego gospodarcze zastosowanie”, Wydawnictwo Prawnicze i Ekonomiczne Lex, Gdańsk 1993, pp. 16-21.
LEASING.ORG, 2016. http://www.leasing.org.pl/o_leasingu/krotka-historia-leasingu [as of 18th March 2016].
The Accounting Act of 29th September 1994, consolidated text from 2013, item 330; as amended: item 613, from 2014 item 768; item 1100; from 2015 item 4.
The Corporate Income Tax Act of 15th February 1992, consolidated text: Journal of Laws 2011, No. 74, item 397 as amended.
VAT.PL, 2016. http://www.vat.pl/jak_rozliczac_koszty_leasingu_komentarz_vat_ interpretacje_2197.php [as of18th March 2016].
WALIŃSKA, E., 2012. Rachunkowość. Rachunkowość i sprawozdawczość finansowa, Meritum, ABC a Wolters Kluwer business, Warszawa, p. 978, ISBN 978-83-264-0798-7.
WILCZYŃSKA, M., 2014. Leasing w aspekcie bilansowym i podatkowym, [in:] „Finansowo – ubezpieczeniowe aspekty rozwoju przedsiębiorstw i regionów” red. Pukała R. Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Techniczno – Ekonomiczna im., ks. Bronisława Markiewicza w Jarosławiu, Instytut Ekonomii i Zarzadzania, Jarosław. p. 166 ISBN 978-83-63909-38-3.
ZASIEWSKA, K., 2012. Środki trwałe, środki trwałe w budowie, wartości niematerialne i prawne [in:] Rachunkowość finansowa z elementami rachunku kosztów i sprawozdawczości finansowej. Stopień II, praca zbiorowa pod redakcją Agnieszki Cichej, Stowarzyszenie Księgowych w Polsce, SKwP, Warszawa, p. 155 ISBN 978-83-7228-311-5.